Pronunciation
A Free Online Audio Dictionary of English Pronunciation, Definition and Translation. Instantly hear a word pronounced on enter. One word per entry. The act, manner, or result of producing the sounds of speech, including articulation, stress, and intonation. A way of pronouncing a word, syllable, etc., that is accepted or considered correct. The conventional patterns of treatment of the sounds of a language: the pronunciation of French.
Online French Dictionary With Pronunciation
Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken. This may refer to generally agreed-upon sequences of sounds used in speaking a given word or language in a specific dialect ('correct pronunciation') or simply the way a particular individual speaks a word or language.
Contested or widely mispronounced words are typically verified by the sources from which they originate, such as names of cities and towns or the word GIF (Graphics Interchange Format). [1]
A word can be spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as: the duration of the cultural exposure of their childhood, the location of their current residence, speech or voice disorders,[2] their ethnic group, their social class, or their education.[3]
Linguistic terminology[edit]
Syllables are counted as units of sound (phones) that they use in their language. The branch of linguistics which studies these units of sound is phonetics. Phones which play the same role are grouped together into classes called phonemes; the study of these is phonemics or phonematics or phonology. Phones as components of articulation are usually described using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).[4]
See also[edit]
- Help:IPA/English — the principal key used in Wikipedia articles to transcribe the pronunciation of English words
- Help:Pronunciation respelling key — a secondary key for pronunciation which mimics English orthography
References[edit]
Pronunciation Generator
- ^https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-22620473
- ^Beech, John R.; Harding, Leonora; Hilton-Jones, Diana (1993). 'Assessment of Articulation and Phonology'. In Grunwell, Pam (ed.). Assessment in Speech and Language Therapy. CUP Archive. p. 55. ISBN0-415-07882-2.
- ^Paulston, Christina Bratt; Tucker, G. Richard (February 14, 2003). 'Some Sociolinguistic Principles'. In Labov, William (ed.). Sociolinguistics: The Essential Readings. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 234–250. ISBN0-631-22717-2.
- ^Schultz, Tanja (June 12, 2006). 'Language Characteristics'. In Kirchhoff, Katrin (ed.). Multilingual Speech Processing. Elsevier. p. 12. ISBN0-12-088501-8.
External links[edit]
- Media related to Pronunciation at Wikimedia Commons
- The dictionary definition of pronunciation at Wiktionary
Often has a medial /t/ that, like similar words such has 'hasten' and 'soften,' was once pronounced and is now typically silent. Unlike the similar words, pronouncing the 't' in 'often' has returned in some modern usage. This pronunciation is still scrutinized heavily and there is a divide between whether this is an educated or uneducated way of speaking.
There’s a t in oftenplay , but how often do you hear it? As you might guess, the t was pronounced in the past, when the word began as a variant of oft (also spelled ofte in Middle English), which was the more common form until the 1500s. Oft is now archaic for most of the senses of often, but is still used in compound adjectives like oft-repeated and oft-quoted. Ofttimes and oftentimes both carry that archaic flavor but are still in active use. After the -en suffix was added to ¬oft, the t fell away in pronunciation, but remained in the spelling.
Henry Gillard Glindoni, 'John Dee performing an experiment before Queen Elizabeth I.' Though Queen Elizabeth did not pronounce the t in 'often', most careful speakers in 17th century England did. Nevertheless, standard pronunciation seems to have followed the queen's example.
Silent Medial T's
Similarly, the medial t in words like soften, hasten, and fasten was originally pronounced, as the -en was added to base words that were recognizable (soft, haste, fast). Listen is a bit different; although the archaic verb list exists, listen comes from the Middle English listnen, and evidence is that t after s and before n was not pronounced.
In often, the t came back via a spelling-influenced pronunciation in the 1600s, as both literacy and printing expanded rapidly in England. E. J. Dobson’s authoritative work English Pronunciation 1500-1700 notes that Queen Elizabeth herself did not pronounce the t, but that phonetically spelled lists made in the 17th century indicate that “the pronunciation without [t] seems to have been avoided in careful speech.”
Nevertheless, the prestige or upper-class standard pronunciation seems to have followed the queen’s example, because three hundred years later, the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary added this note to its entry for often:
The pronunciation (ȯf-tən), which is not recognized in dictionaries, is now frequent in the south of England, and is often used in singing.
And the 1934 unabridged Webster’s Second had this:
Pronunciation Of Siobhan
The pronunciation ȯf-tən, until recently generally considered as more or less illiterate, is not uncommon among the educated in some sections, and is often used in singing.
This note is curious—and dubious—for two reasons. It apparently judges the speaker rather than the word, to which it adds the irony that the criticized pronunciation in question is based entirely on the word's spelling. A person who uses this pronunciation would almost certainly be able to read.
The medial t dropped out of many common words formed with -en, but came back in often. It is common today, but still stigmatized with the label ÷ in the dictionary; some educated speakers certainly do use it, but others consider it unacceptable. And they will often correct you.
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Merriam-Webster unabridged